Selection

Selection  

1. a process whereby one or more factors acting on phenotypes favour the transmission of particular alleles to the following generation
   
2. process whereby organisms which are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce, while those less adapted fail and usually die
3. two types of selection ~ natural selection ~artificial selection

Natural selection

process by which individual organism with favourable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than those unfavourable traits

process brings about evolution and adaptation(enable population to change and adapt to different chromosomes)

results in more favoured traits and less unfavoured traits

• individuals with beneficial traits are more likely to be selected that is to have more offspring
  
• those traits have a heritable component, tend to become more common in next generation
• alleles with an average result in greater fitness will become more abundant in the next generation

Natural selection does not acts directly on genotype but acts on phenotype

result in evolutionary change

there are many types of natural selection found in population

• stabilising
• disruptive
• directional
• sexual
• polymorphism

Artificial selection

1. process of intensional or unintensional modification of a species through human action which encourages the breeding of certain traits over others. (Breeder selects the desired characteristics)
2. genotype is altered to produce a new strain of the organism for specific purpose.

Human preferences or influences have a significant effect of the evolution of particular population or species

include outbreeding and inbreeding

eg. domestication of corn & domesticated chicken

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